(BPT) - Key takeaways:
- Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) affects more than half of postmenopausal women.
- Learn seven symptoms of GSM, which can occur with menopause or after certain medical procedures.
- Several effective options are available to treat GSM, including moisturizers and lubricants.
The start of a new year is the perfect time to rethink your menopause wellness routine. From vaginal dryness to painful sex, understanding genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and available solutions can help women prioritize their comfort, intimacy and overall well-being.
A new year often inspires healthier habits, but for women navigating perimenopause and menopause, there's one area of wellness that deserves more attention: vaginal and urinary health.
GSM affects more than half of postmenopausal women, yet many don't recognize the symptoms or realize effective options for relief exist. This year, make vaginal health a priority in your self-care routine, starting with a better understanding of GSM.
What Is GSM?
GSM describes vaginal, vulvar and urinary symptoms associated with declining estrogen levels experienced during menopause.
Estrogen helps maintain vaginal moisture, tissue thickness and elasticity. As levels decline, vaginal tissues can become thinner, drier and more sensitive, contributing to discomfort that can worsen without management.
"As estrogen levels fall during the menopause transition, vaginal tissues may become thinner, drier and less elastic, contributing to discomfort during sex, as well as disruptive urinary symptoms," explains Chief Medical Officer of Bonafide®, Dr. Alyssa Dweck.
GSM can also occur following certain medical procedures, such as a hysterectomy, oophorectomy, or pelvic radiation, or due to medications that reduce estrogen, including certain breast cancer therapies.
Recognizing the Signs: 7 GSM Symptoms to Know
Symptoms of GSM vary from woman to woman, but may include:
- Vaginal or vulvar dryness, itching or burning
- Increased sensitivity or reduced vaginal elasticity
- Pain or discomfort during sex
- Shortening and/or narrowing of the vagina and vaginal opening
- Changes in sexual arousal or satisfaction
- Urinary urgency, frequency or painful urination
- Risk of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Pelvic discomfort during everyday activities
Unlike vasomotor symptoms, which may cease in postmenopause, GSM symptoms may persist or worsen without proper management.
Refresh Your Routine: What Are Some Options for GSM Relief?
There's no one-size-fits-all approach to managing GSM. Depending on symptoms, medical history and personal preferences, several effective options are available, including:
- Hormone-free vaginal moisturizers and lubricants: Moisturizers provide ongoing relief from vaginal dryness, while lubricants reduce friction and enhance pleasure in the moment during intimacy. Products containing hyaluronic acid, a molecule often known as a super moisturizer, may be particularly helpful for women in menopause.
- Local vaginal estrogen: Available in prescription creams, tablets, inserts and rings, low-dose vaginal estrogen can improve dryness, irritation and painful sex. Certain formulations may also help reduce recurrent UTIs.
- Other prescription options: Vaginal DHEA and oral ospemifene may be appropriate depending on individual needs.
Women with a history of breast cancer should consult with their healthcare team before deciding on a management approach that may be right for them.
As estrogen levels fall during the menopause transition, vaginal tissues may become thinner, drier and less elastic, contributing to discomfort during sex, as well as disruptive urinary symptoms.
Chief Medical Officer of Bonafide®, Dr. Alyssa Dweck
The Science Behind Hyaluronic Acid for GSM Relief
As mentioned earlier, for those looking for a hormone-free option for managing GSM symptoms, solutions containing hyaluronic acid may be beneficial. Research suggests hyaluronic acid may be an effective hormone-free option for managing certain GSM symptoms – and it's an already naturally occurring molecule in the body.
A 12-week randomized pilot study published in Menopause, funded by Bonafide, compared a vaginal hyaluronic acid insert with vaginal estrogen cream. Both groups experienced symptom improvements, with no significant difference in adjusted overall vulvovaginal symptom scores at 12 weeks.
Bonafide's Revaree® and Revaree® Plus have both recently been named the #1 gynecologist-recommended OTC hyaluronic acid inserts for vaginal dryness. These FDA-cleared, Class II medical devices provide hormone-free relief by helping replenish vaginal moisture, supporting everyday comfort and intimacy.
Make Vaginal Health a Priority This Year
If dryness, painful sex or urinary symptoms are interfering with your daily life, make this the year you seek relief. Persistent symptoms, recurrent UTIs or discomfort that doesn't improve with over-the-counter options warrant a conversation with your healthcare professional.
Dr. Dweck explains, "Hormone-free moisturizers and lubricants are quite helpful in managing these symptoms, but if you're not finding sufficient relief, be sure to speak with your provider."
The bottom line: GSM may not be uncommon, but living with discomfort doesn't have to be your new normal. This year, prioritize your vaginal health alongside your other wellness goals. With the right information and management options, you can take meaningful steps toward feeling more comfortable, confident and in control throughout menopause and beyond.
This article is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for individualized medical advice.
